2.5 Markdown syntax
I've modified Pagedown's Markdown.Converter.js and Markdown.Sanitizer.js to Support Youtube video. In PHP I've also modified michelf's php-markdown Markdown Extra in markdown.php to Support Youtube video. R Markdown is an easy to use formatting language you can use to reveal insights from data and author your findings as a PDF, HTML file, or Shiny app. In this course, you'll learn how to create and modify each element of a Markdown file, including the code, text, and metadata.
The text in an R Markdown document is written with the Markdown syntax. Precisely speaking, it is Pandoc’s Markdown. There are many flavors of Markdown invented by different people, and Pandoc’s flavor is the most comprehensive one to our knowledge. You can find the full documentation of Pandoc’s Markdown at https://pandoc.org/MANUAL.html. We strongly recommend that you read this page at least once to know all the possibilities with Pandoc’s Markdown, even if you will not use all of them. This section is adapted from Section 2.1 of Xie (2016), and only covers a small subset of Pandoc’s Markdown syntax.
2.5.1 Inline formatting
Inline text will be italic if surrounded by underscores or asterisks, e.g., _text_ or *text*. Bold text is produced using a pair of double asterisks (**text**). A pair of tildes (~) turn text to a subscript (e.g., H~3~PO~4~ renders H3PO4). A pair of carets (^) produce a superscript (e.g., Cu^2+^ renders Cu2+).
To mark text as inline code, use a pair of backticks, e.g., `code`. To include (n) literal backticks, use at least (n+1) backticks outside, e.g., you can use four backticks to preserve three backtick inside: ```` ```code``` ````, which is rendered as ```code```.
Just put there your youtube link, alt text and title for the image and you will get the markdown that is ready to be pasted to the Git comment or markdown.
Hyperlinks are created using the syntax [text](link), e.g., [RStudio](https://www.rstudio.com). The syntax for images is similar: just add an exclamation mark, e.g., . Footnotes are put inside the square brackets after a caret ^[], e.g., ^[This is a footnote.].
There are multiple ways to insert citations, and we recommend that you use BibTeX databases, because they work better when the output format is LaTeX/PDF. Section 2.8 of Xie (2016) has explained the details. The key idea is that when you have a BibTeX database (a plain-text file with the conventional filename extension .bib) that contains entries like:
You may add a field named bibliography to the YAML metadata, and set its value to the path of the BibTeX file. Then in Markdown, you may use @R-base (which generates “R Core Team (2021)”) or [@R-base] (which generates “(R Core Team 2021)”) to reference the BibTeX entry. Pandoc will automatically generated a list of references in the end of the document.
2.5.2 Block-level elements
Section headers can be written after a number of pound signs, e.g.,
If you do not want a certain heading to be numbered, you can add {-} or {.unnumbered} after the heading, e.g.,
Unordered list items start with *, -, or +, and you can nest one list within another list by indenting the sub-list, e.g.,
The output is:
- one item
- one item
- one item
- one more item
- one more item
- one more item
Ordered list items start with numbers (you can also nest lists within lists), e.g.,
The output does not look too much different with the Markdown source:
- the first item
- the second item
- the third item
- one unordered item
- one unordered item
Blockquotes are written after >, e.g.,
The actual output (we customized the style for blockquotes in this book):
“I thoroughly disapprove of duels. If a man should challenge me,I would take him kindly and forgivingly by the hand and lead himto a quiet place and kill him.”
— Mark Twain
Plain code blocks can be written after three or more backticks, and you can also indent the blocks by four spaces, e.g.,
In general, you’d better leave at least one empty line between adjacent but different elements, e.g., a header and a paragraph. This is to avoid ambiguity to the Markdown renderer. For example, does “#” indicate a header below?
And does “-” mean a bullet point below?
R Markdown Youtube
Different flavors of Markdown may produce different results if there are no blank lines.
2.5.3 Math expressions
Inline LaTeX equations can be written in a pair of dollar signs using the LaTeX syntax, e.g., $f(k) = {n choose k} p^{k} (1-p)^{n-k}$ (actual output: (f(k)={n choose k}p^{k}(1-p)^{n-k})); math expressions of the display style can be written in a pair of double dollar signs, e.g., $$f(k) = {n choose k} p^{k} (1-p)^{n-k}$$, and the output looks like this:
How To Use R Markdown Youtube
[fleft(kright)=binom{n}{k}p^kleft(1-pright)^{n-k}]
You can also use math environments inside $ $ or $$ $$, e.g.,
[begin{array}{ccc}x_{11} & x_{12} & x_{13}x_{21} & x_{22} & x_{23}end{array}]
[X = begin{bmatrix}1 & x_{1}1 & x_{2}1 & x_{3}end{bmatrix}]
[Theta = begin{pmatrix}alpha & betagamma & deltaend{pmatrix}]
[begin{vmatrix}a & bc & dend{vmatrix}=ad-bc]
Example
R-markdown code chunks
R-markdown is a markdown file with embedded blocks of R code called chunks. There are two types of R code chunks: inline and block.
Inline chunks are added using the following syntax:
They are evaluated and inserted their output answer in place.
Block chunks have a different syntax:
And they come with several possible options. Here are the main ones (but there are many others):
- echo (boolean) controls wether the code inside chunk will be included in the document
- include (boolean) controls wether the output should be included in the document
- fig.width (numeric) sets the width of the output figures
- fig.height (numeric) sets the height of the output figures
- fig.cap (character) sets the figure captions
They are written in a simple tag=value format like in the example above.
R-markdown document example
Below is a basic example of R-markdown file illustrating the way R code chunks are embedded inside r-markdown.
R Markdown Video
Converting R-markdown to other formats
The R knitr package can be used to evaluate R chunks inside R-markdown file and turn it into a regular markdown file.
The following steps are needed in order to turn R-markdown file into pdf/html:
- Convert R-markdown file to markdown file using
knitr. - Convert the obtained markdown file to pdf/html using specialized tools like pandoc.
In addition to the above knitr package has wrapper functions knit2html() and knit2pdf() that can be used to produce the final document without the intermediate step of manually converting it to the markdown format:
Minecraft fnaf sister location. Welcome to The Minecraft: Five Nights at Freddy's roleplay series This FNAF Sister Location Minecraft Roleplay based around the Five Night's at Freddy's Game - Sister Location and Other Fnaf.
If the above example file was saved as income.Rmd it can be converted to a pdf file using the following R commands:
R Markdown Embed Youtube Video
Airport utility mac. The final document will be similar to the one below.